How does a Telephone work?

telephone is a telecommunication device that is used to send and receive sound which is the human voice. It is mainly used to allow two people to talk to each other even if they are separated by distance. The invention of the telephone is credited to Alexander Graham bell. The fundamental design of the telephone has not changed since its creation. It is a small device with a headset wherein a speaker and an earphone is attached inside which acts as a coder and decoder of sound signal. It has also a body wherein the numbers or keypad is located which is used to enter a specific number. The body of the telephone is then attached to a wire which is directed to a telecommunication network that decodes and codes sound waves. There are phones wherein the keypad is located on the headset and there are some that are wireless. For cordless telephones, it communicated through radio with a base station attached to a wire. Cordless telephones usually works within a limited distance from the base station (body of the phone).

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The telephone operates on simple principles. A telephone mouthpiece contains a thin metallic coating separated from an electrode by a thin barrier (today we use plastic) which connects to a wire carrying an electric current. When a person speaks into the mouthpiece, the acoustic vibrations from her speech push the metallic coating slightly closer to the electrode, resulting in variations in voltage and therefore a speedy conversion from acoustic to electric energy. The electric pulses are conveyed through a wire to the speaker on the other end, where electric pulses are converted into acoustic energy again.
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